Planned ecological site "Mi?dzybrodzie"
Nowa Wie?, Domaszowice Municipality
The planned ecological site, "Mi?dzybrodzie", is located in the village of Nowa Wie?, on the border of the Wo?czyn municipality. This relatively small area has exceptionally rich flora.
The area to be legally protected as an ecological site comprises a valley of an unnamed water course which flows into the Ozi?bel – a right tributary of the Stobrawa River. The water course is at the same time an administrative border between the municipalities of Domaszowice and Wo?czyn. When it comes to the physiography, the area in question is part of the Ole?nica Plain mesoregion, Namys?ów Plain microregion. The planned ecological site, “Mi?dzybrodzie”, is to be limited to the floor of the stream valley dominated by fen and low peat soils. The site’s boundaries run mainly along the balks that separate the valley meadows from adjacent arable fields, between the villages and hamlets of Dziedzice, Duczów Ma?y, Mi?dzybrodzie and Wielo??ka. Important transport routes running through the area are: the Ole?nica-Kluczbork railway line and the No. 42 national road that links the same two towns. The proposed ecological site is an area comprising highly varied plant communities. Despite some deformation caused by human activity, this relatively small area has an exceptionally rich flora. In the 1992-1996 vegetation season almost 300 species of higher plants and bryophytes were found there. Despite the fact that the area is only 0.5 km away from the nearest farm buildings, its plant communities accompanying the water courses have maintained their natural division into zones. One can notice here the common reed, reed mannagrass and reed canary grass which grow in the immediate proximity to the water course. A relatively large area is also occupied by the phytocenoses of the slender tufted sedge. One can also encounter here small community of the acoretum calami and a water horsetail community. In local depressions fed by permeating waters have developed acid sedge fens where one can find the marsh cinquefoil, bogbean, which is legally protected in the Opolskie province, as well as the white sedge and the carnation sedge. The most interesting plant communities in the area include the fairly rare, boreal community of the lesser tussock sedge. Away from the water course, on a small hillock there are fragments of a purple moor grass community. Its most humid parts are full of flowering specimens of the western marsh orchid. One can also find here a fairly large population of the southern adderstoungue fern, relatively rare today, as well as isolated tussocks of the umbrosa sedge – a species placed on the Red List of Threatened Plants in the R category – and isolated specimens of the fewflower spikerush. In the autumn another protected species, the marsh gentian (Category V on the “Red List”), occurs here. The highest lying parts of the area are occupied by the false oat grass community within which one can find another rare fern – the common moonwort (over 250 specimens – probably the only habitat of this species in the Opole region). The proposed protected area is also a favourable animal habitat. In addition to mallard ducks and common moorhens, which have their nests here, or white and black storks, for which the area is a feeding ground, one can also encounter here in spring and autumn bean geese and grey herons. Many singing bird species have been observed here too. They include bluethroats, orioles, song thrushes and skylarks. The same applies to a number of frog species. The tall reed and sedge communities provide a refuge for roe deer. In addition, large numbers of three butterfly species from the Lycaenidae family have been spotted in places with large great burnet communities. Two of these species – the dusky large blue butterfly and the scarce large blue butterfly – are legally protected and have been put on the “Red list of threatened animals in Poland” in the “vulnerable” category. The third species, short-tailed blue butterfly, is rarely encountered in Silesia. The strictly protected swallowtail butterfly has also been spotted in the area.
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